Archive

2023

• October 2023 – The 9th preprint edition of the research article “Fabrication methods of the polygonal masonry of large tightly-fitted stone blocks with curved surface interfaces in megalithic structures of Peru” written by R. V. Lapshin has been posted at the Preprints.org repository (category: engineering.mechanical engineering)
  
  
• March 2023 – The 8th preprint edition of the research article “Fabrication methods of the polygonal masonry of large tightly-fitted stone blocks with curved surface interfaces in megalithic structures of Peru” written by R. V. Lapshin has been posted at the Preprints.org repository (category: engineering.mechanical engineering)
  
  

2022

• December 2022 – The 7th preprint edition of the research article “Fabrication methods of the polygonal masonry of large tightly-fitted stone blocks with curved surface interfaces in megalithic structures of Peru” written by R. V. Lapshin has been posted at the Preprints.org repository (category: engineering.mechanical engineering). The article describes several methods that probably were used for building the most complicated type of the polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph, topography translator, and clay/gypsum replicas. The article shows that the Fortress Sacsayhuaman can be considered as an early star fortress that survived to our time. Since the polygonal structures in Peru, the polygonal Face Towers and polygonal bas-reliefs in Cambodia, symmetrical statues of pharaohs in Egypt are based on the same construction technologies, working methods, tools and technical contrivances, we can conclude with a high probability that all these monuments were created by the same group of architects, sculptors, and builders, and could not have appeared before the 17th century
  
  

2021

• October 2021 – “Who built the grandiose structures in Peru?”, R. V. Lapshin replies to the reader's question in Weekly Magazine “Arguments and Facts” (no. 42, p. 34, in Russian). Learn more
  
  
• September 2021 – A short interview “Stone “magic”. Who and how did build the grandiose structures in Peru?” (in Russian) given by R. V. Lapshin to the weekly magazine “Arguments and Facts”. The talk was conducted by “A&F” scientific writer D. Pisarenko. The interview reprint in English is available at the “News Read Online”. Learn more
  
  
• August 2021 – Preprint of the research article “Fabrication methods of the polygonal masonry of large tightly fitted stone blocks with curved surface interfaces in megalithic structures of Peru” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for public access at the Preprints.org repository (category: engineering.mechanical engineering). The article describes several methods that might be used for building the most complicated type of polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph and clay/gypsum replicas
  
  
• April 2021 – Explanation of “How the polygonal masonry megalithic structures of Peru made of large stone blocks with fitted curved surfaces were fabricated?” has been presented in the Blog by Rostislav V. Lapshin. The material will be of interest to those who study megalithic complexes of Peru, in particular, polygonal masonry. In the concise description, several methods for obtaining polygonal masonry are proposed. The basis of the proposed methods is the use of reduced clay models of stone blocks and a 3d-pantograph, as well as clay/gypsum replicas
  
  
• January 2021 – To meet a steady demand from Russian speaking community for a simple model approximating hysteresis loops both smooth and piecewise-linear, the Russian translation of the paper “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” (R. V. Lapshin, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 91, iss. 6 no. 065106, pp. 1-31, 2020) was prepared and opened to public in section Publications
  
  

2020

• June 2020 – The research article “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Review of Scientific Instruments journal. The developed model enables building smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double and triple loops. The usage of the phase shifts Δα₁, Δα₂, Δα₃ and a number of other transformations which are changing the loop tilt and curvature, let us reduce the hysteresis loop approximation error by several times. As a result, the average relative approximation error of the improved model does not exceed 1%. Since the generating function x(α) can be easily represented in the form of a frequency spectrum, hysteresis loops of a custom shape, tilt and curvature can be synthesized by changing the amplitude and phase of harmonic components and by adding/excluding harmonic components with certain values of amplitude and phase. It was proven in the article that the area of a smooth loop is defined by the amplitude and the phase of the 1st harmonic only; the other harmonics of the spectral expansion of the generating function x(α) do not affect the area anyway. A general formula has been derived for building piecewise-linear hysteresis loops of Play and Non-ideal Relay types as well as their numerous variations widely used in simplified models of hysteresis phenomena. In addition, several practical examples of composition/decomposition of the piecewise-linear hysteresis loops have been considered. In particular, it was proven that the detection of Play-Play-Play, Play-Relay-Play or shifted loops during physical measurements may indicate the simultaneous existence of two separate hysteresis processes superimposed on each other. To simplify the construction, analysis, and identification of the hysteresis loops under consideration, the article is accompanied with a voluminous supplementary material in the form of Mathcad worksheets. This supporting material will allow anyone to quickly find the suitable hysteresis loop description specific for his particular problem. Learn more
  
  
• May 2020 – Preprint of the 5th version of the research article “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for public access at the arXiv.org repository (category: mathematics.optimization and control). The article describes a simple and intuitive model of hysteresis loop. The suggested model allows approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops: smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double and triple loops. Approximation error of a hysteresis loop in the improved model does not usually exceed 1%. A general formula that allows to calculate the area of the hybrid Classical loop with gain/attenuation was derived and presented in the article. Learn more
  
  

2019

• November 2019 – Preprint of the 4th version of the research article “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for public access at the arXiv.org repository (category: mathematics.optimization and control). The article describes a simple and intuitive model of hysteresis loop. The suggested model allows approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops: smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double and triple loops. Approximation error of a hysteresis loop in the improved model does not usually exceed 1%. The general formula intended for calculation of an area of smooth hysteresis loops has been simplified in the new version. In addition, it was proven that the area of a smooth loop is defined by the amplitude and the phase of the 1st harmonic only; the other harmonics of the spectral expansion of the generating function x(α) do not affect the area anyway. Learn more
  
  
• September 2019 – YouTube channel “The Audiopedia” has posted a short video “What is FEATURE-ORIENTED POSITION? What does FEATURE-ORIENTED POSITION mean?” explaining the essence of the feature-oriented positioning (FOP) methodology. Learn more
  
  
• July 2019 – Preprint of the 3rd version of the research article “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for public access at the arXiv.org repository (category: mathematics.optimization and control). The article describes a simple and intuitive model of hysteresis loop. The suggested model allows approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops: smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double and triple loops. Approximation error of a hysteresis loop in the improved model does not usually exceed 1%. A new section has been added to the article where the generating function x(α) is represented in the form of a frequency spectrum. Also, several practical examples of composition/decomposition of the piecewise-linear hysteresis loops have been considered in the new version. In particular, it was proven that the detection of Play-Play-Play, Play-Relay-Play or shifted loops during physical measurements may indicate the simultaneous existence of two separate hysteresis processes superimposed on each other. Learn more
  
  

2018

• October 2018 – The research article “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Real mode” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Applied Surface Science journal. This article completes the series of three articles dedicated to the FOS-based distributed calibration. In the first article “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Approach description” (R. V. Lapshin, Applied Surface Science, vol. 359, pp. 629-636, 2015) of the series, the suggested calibration procedure has been described in detail and also the working formulae have been derived for correction of the scan of an arbitrary surface. The second article “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Virtual mode” (R. V. Lapshin, Applied Surface Science, vol. 378, pp. 530-539, 2016) of the series is devoted to the virtual mode of the distributed calibration. The virtual mode implies that, instead of measurement of the real surface of a standard, the calibration program performs the “measurement” of an image of the standard surface, which has been obtained earlier during conventional scanning. The virtual mode is intended for simulation of calibration process and validation of analytical solutions found in the first article of the series. The real mode being the subject of the present investigation implies that the distributed calibration of the scanner is performed by graphite crystal lattice in real time. The real mode permits to acquire the calibration database (CDB) that completely characterizes the piezoscanner of the microscope in use. The developed method of distributed calibration is one more component of the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) methodology. Learn more
  
  
• October 2018 – Preprint of the 2nd version of the research article “An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for public access at the arXiv.org repository (category: mathematics.optimization and control). The article describes a simple and intuitive model of hysteresis loop. The suggested model allows approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops: smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double and triple loops. Approximation error of a hysteresis loop in the improved model does not usually exceed 1%. Learn more
  
  
• April 2018 – Associate Professor Andrey A. Sigarev, a head of General Chemistry department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and a former Senior Scientist of the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin has unexpectedly passed away (MIPT's Obituary). Dr. Sigarev was a well-known scientist in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a good teacher. We will always remember him
  
  
• March 2018 – YouTube channel “The Audiopedia” has posted a short video “What is FEATURE-ORIENTED SCANNING? What does FEATURE-ORIENTED SCANNING mean?” explaining the essence of the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) methodology. Learn more
  
  

2017

• January 2017 – Preprint of the research article “An improved parametric model of hysteresis loop” written by R. V. Lapshin has been opened for research community at the arXiv.org repository (category: mathematics.optimization and control). The article suggests a simple and intuitive model of hysteresis loop. This model allows approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops: smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, double and triple loops. Approximation error of a hysteresis loop in the improved model does not exceed 1%
  

2016

• September 2016 – The artwork “Organ pipes” created by R. V. Lapshin has been selected for incorporation into the MoonArk. The MoonArk is an artistically designed chambers enclosing platinum-etched sapphire disks containing Earth’s art, architecture, design, music, drama, ballet, poetry, sciences, humanities, and technologies. Chamber 3, the Moon contains 93 nano artworks representing the very smallest scale that humans are expressing meaning through art. The MoonArk is expected to travel to the Moon aboard a lunar lander. The launch of Space X Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Kennedy with Astrobotic Robotic Lunar mission aboard is scheduled for late 2019. When the lunar mission will be finished, it is intended that the MoonArk will remain on the Moon as an enduring time capsule, which will exist there for potentially billions of years. The MoonArk has been designed and manufactured at the School of Design of the Carnegie Mellon University. The artwork “Organ pipes” was first exhibited in 2012 at the NanoArt 2012, an international contest among scientific pictures representing scenic views of the nanoworld. The description of the box-shaped graphene (BSG) nanostructure used in the collage “Organ pipes” was recently published in the January issue of the Applied Surface Science journal. Free desktop wallpaper is available
  
  
• August 2016 – The research article “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Virtual mode” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Applied Surface Science journal. This article describes a virtual mode of the method of distributed calibration of a probe microscope scanner. In the virtual mode, instead of measurement of a real surface of the standard, the calibration program makes a surface image “measurement” of the standard, which was obtained earlier using conventional raster scanning. The application of the virtual mode permits simulating the process of distributed calibration as well as performing detailed analysis of raster distortions occurring in both conventional and counter surface scanning. The virtual calibration makes possible automatic characterization of a surface by the method of scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The developed method is another component of the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) methodology. Learn more
  
  
• May 2016 – The report “Productive drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the XXVI Russian Conference on Electron Microscopy (SEM-2016) held in Zelenograd, Russian Federation. The conference was organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences. In comparison with the approach applied earlier, the suggested method of distributed calibration provides a much higher performance since for each “fixed” position of Z manipulator, it reduces the problem to calibration in only three points of the field of the XY scanner. According to the experience of the practical application of this method, it is sufficient to conduct calibration for five approximately equidistant fixed positions of Z manipulator. Thus, it is required to implement calibration in 15 points of scanner space in all. Learn more
  
  
• May 2016 – A short video presentation describing key points of the investigation “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Virtual mode” has been prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The details of the investigation can be found in the research article published in the Applied Surface Science journal. Read the article
  
  
• March 2016 – “Lattice constant as a length standard in scanning probe microscope calibration”, Nanowerk: Nanotechnology Spotlights: Using the lattice constant as a length standard allows to pass to nature standards in nanometer range abandoning the use of artificially manufactured measures of length. The idea of using the lattice constant of a crystal as a length standard in scanning probe microscopy is not new. However, the practical implementation of such measure has been constrained because the measured distance between neighboring atoms is strongly distorted by thermal drift of the microscope head and by piezoscanner creep … Read full story. Further reading
  
  
• January 2016 – “Russian scientists have discovered a new graphene structure”, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation (STRF): Nanotechnologies: Scientists from the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin (Zelenograd, Russian Federation) have discovered a previously unknown three-dimensional nanostructure consisting of graphene sheets. Let us remind that graphene is a single monolayer of carbon atoms forming a hexagonal two-dimensional crystal lattice. The discovered nanostructure is a multilayer (several “stories”) system of parallel hollow channels with quadrangular cross-section extending along the surface. The thickness of the channel walls/facets of the nanostructure makes about 1 nm, width of the channel facets is approximately 25 nm, channel length reaches several hundreds of nanometers at least … Read full story. Further reading
  
  
• January 2016 – “Box-shaped graphene – a novel nanostructure”, Nanowerk: Nanotechnology Spotlights: A scientist has discovered a previously unknown three-dimensional nanostructure consisting of graphene sheets. Graphene is a single monolayer of carbon atoms forming a hexagonal two-dimensional crystal lattice. The discovered nanostructure is a multilayer system of parallel hollow channels with quadrangular cross-section extending along the surface. The discovered nanostructure looked so extraordinary that it took some time … Read full story. Further reading
  
  
• January 2016 – The research article “STM observation of a box-shaped graphene nanostructure appeared after mechanical cleavage of pyrolytic graphite” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Applied Surface Science journal. The article describes a new 3D box-shaped graphene (BSG) nanostructure formed during mechanical cleavage of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The BSG nanostructure is a multilayer system of parallel hollow channels located along the surface and having quadrangular cross-section. The thickness of the channel walls is approximately equal to 1 nm. The typical width of channel facets makes about 25 nm, the channel length is 390 nm and probably more. Potential fields of nanostructure application include: ultra-sensitive detectors, high-performance catalytic cells, nanochannels for DNA manipulation, nanomechanical resonators, electron multiplication channels, high-capacity sorbents for hydrogen storage. Graphical abstract of the article is put on the front cover of the journal emphasizing the importance and novelty of the discovered nanostructure. Read the article
  

2015

• December 2015 – A short video presentation describing key points of the investigation “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Approach description” has been prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The details of the investigation can be found in the research article published in the Applied Surface Science journal. Read the article
  
  
• December 2015 – “Lattice constant as a length standard”, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation (STRF): Nanotechnologies: Scientists from the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin (Zelenograd, Russian Federation) have developed a method of calibration of a scanning probe microscope (SPM) by lattice constant of a crystal. Using the lattice constant as a length standard allows to pass to nature standards in nanometer range abandoning the use of artificially manufactured measures of length … Read full story. Further reading
  
  
• December 2015 – A short video presentation describing key points of the investigation “STM observation of a box-shaped graphene nanostructure appeared after mechanical cleavage of pyrolytic graphite” has been prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The details of the investigation can be found in the research article published in the Applied Surface Science journal. Read the article
  
  
• December 2015 – The research article “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Approach description” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Applied Surface Science journal. The article describes a method of distributed calibration of a probe microscope scanner. The method of distributed calibration consists in a search for a net of local calibration coefficients in the process of automatic measurement of a standard surface, whereby each point of the movement space of the scanner can be defined by a unique set of scale factors. To eliminate the negative influence of thermal drift and creep on the distributed calibration results, the following methods are used: feature-oriented scanning (FOS), feature-oriented positioning (FOP), counter-scanned images (CSI). The lattice constant of a crystal is used as a nature length standard of nanometer range. The method may be used with any scanning probe instrument. Learn more
  
  
• October 2015 – “Russian scientists invented a walking robot-nanopositioner”, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation (STRF): Innovation: A new conception of the adaptive nanopositioner – a device capable to move stably on a rough surface with a very small step of several tens of nanometers was developed at the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin (Zelenograd, Russian Federation). According to the suggested idea, the walking nanopositioner walks literally on a surface by detaching some supports and installing others instead. In comparison with other types of positioners, the main advantage of walking positioners is that they have an unlimited range of travel … Read full story. Further reading
  
  
• October 2015 – The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, Geneva, Switzerland) has awarded “Medal for Inventors” to Dr. R. V. Lapshin “For his contribution in the field of scanning probe microscopy”. The WIPO Medal for Inventors is offered by national and international organizations to outstanding inventors. Particular attention is given to those who have made inventions which are considered to be significant contributions to the economic and technological development of their countries. The WIPO Medal for Inventors was launched in 1979 to stimulate inventive and innovative activity around the world and to recognize the contribution of inventors to national wealth and development
  
  
• September 2015 – The article “Computer processing of the output optical image of a focal plane array of uncooled bimaterial IR-detectors by method of feature-oriented scanning” was published in the journal of Instruments and Experimental Techniques. This article is an English translation of the article “Mathematical treatment of the output optical image of a focal plane array of uncooled bimaterial detectors of infrared range by method of feature-oriented scanning” written in Russian by Dr. R. V. Lapshin, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, and Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov. The article describes computer processing of the output optical image of an uncooled infrared focal plane array (FPA) of 32×32 elements. Reading out the FPA optical image in visible spectral region was carried out with an optical profiler (interference microscope). The computer processing was performed by applying the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) approach originally used for precise control of a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The sensing elements of the FPA are micromechanical uncooled bimaterial IR-detectors. The working spectral range of the IR FPA makes 8-12 µm. Learn more
  
  
• September 2015 – The article “Mathematical treatment of the output optical image of a focal plane array of uncooled bimaterial detectors of infrared range by method of feature-oriented scanning” written by Dr. R. V. Lapshin, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, and Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov was published in the journal of Instruments and Experiment Technique. This work was implemented at the Department of Photosensitive Nano & Microsystems of the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) in collaboration with the Institute of Physical Problems (NIIFP, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation). The article demonstrates computer processing of the output optical image of an uncooled infrared focal plane array (FPA) of 32×32 elements. Reading out the FPA optical image in visible spectral region was carried out with an optical profiler (interference microscope). The computer processing was performed by applying the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) approach originally used for precise control of a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The sensing elements of the FPA are micromechanical uncooled bimaterial IR-detectors. The working spectral range of the IR FPA makes 8-12 µm. Learn more
  
  
• August 2015 – “A walking robot for nanotraveling”, Russian Electronic Nanojournal: News: A new conception of the adaptive nanopositioner – a device capable to move stably on a rough surface with a very small step of several tens of nanometers was developed at the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin (Zelenograd, Russian Federation). According to the suggested idea, the walking nanopositioner walks literally on a surface by detaching some supports and installing others instead. In comparison with other types of positioners, the main advantage of walking positioners is that they have an unlimited range of travel … Read full story or listen . Further reading
  
  
• June 2015 – The report “Improved approximating model of hysteresis loop for the linearization of a probe microscope piezoscanner” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the XIX Russian Symposium on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Analytical Methods of Investigation of Solids (SEM-2015) held in Chernogolovka, Russian Federation. The conference was organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences. The suggested model covers most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops; it allows building smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, mirror-reflected, inverse, double and minor loops. The model is simple, intuitive, it permits quickly creating hysteresis loops of a required type and easily defining their parameters. The relative error of approximation of a hysteresis loop makes about 1%. Application areas of the work: (1) Linearization of piezoceramic scanners and manipulators; (2) Linearization of magnetic and magnetostrictive scanners and manipulators; (3) Simulation of instruments that include hysteresis elements. Learn more
  
  
• June 2015 – The report “Periodic changes in lateral sizes of unit cells at STM images of pyrolytic graphite” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the XIX Russian Symposium on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Analytical Methods of Investigation of Solids (SEM-2015) held in Chernogolovka, Russian Federation. The conference was organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Periodic changes in lateral sizes of unit cells of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are detected along the “slow” scan direction by “oscillations” of local calibration coefficient (LCC) Ky. LCC Ky has been determined by STM image of HOPG during the virtual distributed calibration. The distributed calibration is carried out by applying the methods of feature-oriented scanning (FOS). The oscillations are caused by beatings (moiré) originating from a superposition of the periodical line structure of the raster with a periodical structure of atomic surface topography. Application areas of the work: (1) Detection and elimination of low contrast beatings (moiré) from STM images; (2) Detection of ultra-small mechanical, thermal, etc. strains in crystals; (3) Accurate determination of lattice constants; (4) Determination of working scanning parameters (bias voltage and tunneling current) at which the force lateral action of a tip upon a surface is minimal. Learn more
  
  
• May 2015 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has recognized as perspective the patent by R. V. Lapshin “Walking robot-nanopositioner and method of controlling movement thereof”. The patent has been inserted in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions (in Russian). An invention is considered as perspective if it meets criteria of high technical level in comparison with world analogs, originality of technical solution, comprehensive technical analysis, and readiness for application in industry
  
  
• April 2015 – The patent for the invention “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift” is surrendered to the Institute of Physical Problems by R. V. Lapshin, an author of this invention
  
  
• February 2015 – To make easy application of the model approximating hysteresis loops, a worksheet “Hysteresis loop” has been prepared by R. V. Lapshin in Mathcad™. The prepared worksheet supports both smooth hysteresis loops and piecewise-linear ones. The worksheet mainly applies the results presented in the paper “Analytical model for the approximation of hysteresis loop and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope” (R. V. Lapshin, Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 4718-4730, 1995). However, a lot of new features were added to the worksheet, which were not included in the article because of length restriction. The implemented model is simple, adequate and highly intuitive, it allows to quickly construct the required types of hysteresis loops and fit their parameters. The worksheet may prove useful with the tasks of imitation modeling of hysteresis elements in many areas of research and engineering like: materials, mechanics, economics, biology, control systems and others. The worksheet is available both in English and in Russian. Download the worksheet
  
  
• January 2015 – Preprints of three research articles “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Approach description”, “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Virtual mode”, and “Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Real mode” written by R. V. Lapshin have been opened for research community at arXiv.org repository (category: condensed matter.materials science). The approach suggested in these articles allows to use stable crystal lattices as natural standards for high-precision calibration of piezoscanners of scanning probe microscopes (SPM). The described distributed calibration approach is based on the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) that permits to exclude distorting influences of thermal drifts and creeps on measurement results up to atomic scale at room temperature. The solved calibration task is an important impact on further development of scanning probe microscopy and bottom-up nanotechnology. The invented distributed calibration approach is yet another component of the FOS methodology
  

2014

• December 2014 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has recognized as perspective the patent by R. V. Lapshin and P. V. Azanov “Device and method to produce nanoparticles”. The patent has been inserted in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions (in Russian). An invention is considered as perspective if it meets criteria of high technical level in comparison with world analogs, originality of technical solution, comprehensive technical analysis, and readiness for application in industry
  
  
• November 2014 – The article “Promising integral matrix detectors of thermal radiation with optical reading” written by a group of IR-detector developers from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) has been published in the journal of Russian Microelectronics. The group consists of Dr. D. B. Rygalin, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Dr. V. I. Zolotarev, I. A. Reshetnikov, G. A. Rudakov, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and E. P. Kirilenko. The article describes uncooled IR-detectors of a new type using a bimaterial effect to transform input IR-radiation into output optical response. The developed detectors operate in 8-14 µm range. The group has proposed several constructions of such detectors. Read this article
  
  
• October 2014 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has decided to issue a patent “Walking robot-nanopositioner and method of controlling movement thereof” to R. V. Lapshin, an author of this invention. The invention is intended for across plane precision movement of micro/nanoprobes, investigated samples, technological substrates, micro/nanosensors, micro/nanotools, etc. By using a kind of machine vision, the walking robot-nanopositioner automatically searches for a place on the bearing surface, where the transferring support can be placed reliably. The invention can be used in scanning probe microscopy (SPM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion-beam (FIB) systems, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), optical profiler (OP), micromechanics, robotics, nanomanufacturing and nanotechnology. The walking robot-nanopositioner is fully consistent with the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) and the feature-oriented positioning (FOP) approaches. Further reading
  
  
• September 2014 – The patent for the invention “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” is surrendered to the Institute of Physical Problems by R. V. Lapshin, an author of this invention
  
  
• September 2014 – The article “Feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy precision measurements, nanometrology, bottom-up nanotechnologies” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the special issue of the journal of Electronics: Science, Technology, Business devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin. The article describes a group of methods forming a feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy (FOSPM). FOSPM is a new approach to scanning probe microscopy where a surface under measurement/modification is represented by a set of features, each of which is characterized by its own collection of signs. FOSPM permits at room temperature to increase considerably measurement precision of surface topography, improve notably resolution of the probe microscope, and built a free-running multiprobe bottom-up nanomanufacturing. Read the article
  
  
• September 2014 – The article “Nickel nanoparticles reduce temperature of synthesis of carbon nanostructures” written by R. V. Lapshin and P. V. Azanov has been published in the special issue of the journal of Electronics: Science, Technology, Business devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin. The article describes a method intended for deposition of catalytic nanoparticles (CNPs) of nickel on a smooth substrate surface. The patented method improves control of sizes, shape and scattering density over the surface of the formed CNPs. The CNPs can be used for synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Due to high activity of the CNPs, temperature of CNS synthesis was reduced from 750 to 150°С. Read the article
  
  
• September 2014 – The journal of Electronics: Science, Technology, Business has published a special issue devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin. The content of the issue includes the following sections: Leading Staff Members, Chapters of History, Technology Complexes of Nanoelectronics, Synchrotron Radiation and Nanosystems, Superconducting Electronics, Scanning Probe Microscopy, Nanostructures and Nanosystems, Optoelectronic Radiators, Field-emission Electronics, Advanced Nanoelectronic Devices, Film Materials for Microelectronics. The issue is edited by Dr. A. L. Gudkov. Read the special issue
  
  
• June 2014 – The report “Observation of a hexagonal superstructure on pyrolytic graphite by method of feature-oriented scanning tunneling microscopy” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the 25th Russian Conference on Electron Microscopy (SEM-2014) held in Chernogolovka, Russian Federation. The conference was organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Hexagonal superstructure (HSS) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface is formed as a result of rotation of the upper layer of atoms relative to the rest of the crystal body. Geometrical parameters of HSS on HOPG surface are precisely measured with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by the method of feature-oriented scanning (FOS). Application areas of the work: (1) Investigation of hexagonal superstructures on graphite and on other layered materials having similar organization; (2) Precision distributed calibration of scanners and positioners in nanometer range by HSS as a measure of length; (3) Automatic characterization of parameters of hexagonal superlattices. Learn more
  
  
• May 2014 – The report “Computer processing of the output optical image of a focal plane array of uncooled bimaterial IR-detectors by method of feature-oriented scanning” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, and Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov has been presented at the XXIII International Scientific and Engineering Conference on Photoelectronics and Night Vision Devices held at RD&P Center “Orion”, Moscow, Russian Federation. The focal plane array (FPA) M3-50 consisting of 32×32 uncooled micromechanical bimaterial IR-detectors was designed and fabricated at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology. The FPA is a microoptomechanical system (MOMS), where reading out of an IR-image is carried out with an optical method. The FPA is intended for acquiring thermal images in 8-14 µm range. The suggested processing method allows exclude points from an output optical image which do not carry any useful information about the imaged IR-object. The processing method is based on the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) operating in virtual mode. Learn more
  
  
• April 2014 – The report “Hexagonal superlattice on pyrolytic graphite – a promising length standard for nanometer range” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the 1st All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference “Metrology in Nanotechnologies” held in Moscow, Russian Federation. The conference was organized by the Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements and supervised by the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart). The hexagonal superlattice (HSL) is formed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface as a result of rotation of the upper layer of atoms relative to the rest of the crystal body. Geometrical parameters of the HSL were precisely measured with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by the method of feature-oriented scanning (FOS). The report demonstrates practical advantages of HSL on HOPG as well as HSL on other layered materials as a length standard of nanometer range. Learn more
  
  
• March 2014 – The artwork “Corals” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin took part in the scientific photo competition at the VII International Festival “Art of Science”, section “Microworld”. The festival is organized by Park-media and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The project pursues the aims of stimulation of science, education, and creative activity in Russian Federation and all over the world. Festival tasks are: introduce people and their results; form creative platform for discussions and achievement demonstrations; join researches, professors, engineers, pressmen, programmers, and entrepreneurs from different areas. Free desktop wallpaper
  

2013

• November 2013 – The approximating analytical model of a hysteresis loop suggested by Dr. R. V. Lapshin in the article “Analytical model for the approximation of hysteresis loop and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope” (Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 66, 1995) was implemented in R Programming Language. The R is a language and environment intended for statistical computing and graphics. The hysteresis model can be found in the package Hysteresis (Tools for Modeling Rate-Dependent Hysteretic Processes and Ellipses). The software package is developed by S. Maynes, F. Yang, and A. Parkhurst, a group of researchers from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Learn more
  
  
• September 2013 – The article “Thermomechanical sensitivity of uncooled bimaterial detector of IR-range fabricated by technology of microoptomechanical systems” written by a group of IR-detector developers from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) was published in the journal of Advances in Applied Physics. The group consists of Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, E. P. Kirilenko, V. N. Anastasyevskaya, and I. V. Kolpakov. The developed uncooled IR-detector uses bimaterial effect for energy transformation of an incident IR-radiation into a mechanical response. To measure the thermomechanical sensitivity, an optoelectronic exploratory bench based on an optical profiler (interference microscope) having subnanometer resolution was built. The detector operates in 8-14 µm range. Read this article
  
  
• June 2013 – The report “STM observation of a box-shaped graphene nanostructure appeared after mechanical cleavage of pyrolytic graphite” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the XVIII Russian Symposium on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Analytical Methods of Investigation of Solids (SEM-2013) held in Chernogolovka, Russian Federation. Recently discovered 3D box-shaped nanostructure of graphene formed/uncovered by mechanical cleavage of a monocrystal of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was described in the report. The box-shaped graphene nanostructure is a unique multilayer system of parallel hollow channels having quadrangular cross-section. Wall/facet thickness of the nanostructure channels is approximately equal to 1 nm. Learn more
  
  
• May 2013 – The article “Advanced infrared focal plane arrays with optical readout” written by a group of IR-detector developers from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) was published in the journal of Proceedings of Institutions of Higher Education. Electronics. The group consists of Assoc. Prof. D. B. Rygalin, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Dr. V. I. Zolotarev, I. A. Reshetnikov, G. A. Rudakov, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and E. P. Kirilenko. IR-detectors of a new type using a bimaterial effect for conversion of IR-radiation into an optical response are considered in the article. The developed devices do not require cooling. Several designs of the bimaterial IR-detectors were suggested on the basis of which several focal plane arrays were fabricated. Learn more
  
  
• April 2013 – A group of scientists from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) consisting of I. A. Reshetnikov, Assoc. Prof. D. B. Rygalin, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Dr. V. I. Zolotarev, G. A. Rudakov, Prof. V. A. Fedirko, Dr. A. M. Belin, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and I. V. Kolpakov have been awarded 3rd prize in the competition organized by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The competition was conducted between perspective research projects in the nomination “The best research work based on new applications of existing technologies”. The title of the awarded project is “Highly sensitive infrared photodetectors based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)”. The main goal of the competition is attraction of leading scientists and engineers to strengthening defense capacity of the Russian Federation. About 800 projects took part in the competition
  
  
• April 2013 – Information about the Russian patent “Device and method to produce nanoparticles” (no. 2,476,620, authors: R. V. Lapshin, P. V. Azanov) has been published in the scientific internet-journal “Nanotechnologies in Construction”, section “Patents for Inventions”
  
  
• March 2013 – The artwork “Smallfoot” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin took part in the scientific photo competition at the VI International Festival “Art of Science”, section “Microworld”. The festival is organized by Park-media and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The project pursues the aims of science popularization in Russian Federation and all over the world. Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• January 2013 – Due to growing interest from Russian speaking SPM community in the drift elimination in scanning probe microscopy, the Russian translation of the paper “Automatic drift elimination in probe microscope images based on techniques of counter-scanning and topography feature recognition” written by Dr. R. V. Lapshin (Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 18, 2007) was prepared and opened to public in section Publications
  

2012

• December 2012 – The artwork “Organ pipes” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin has been presented to the public at the NanoArt 2012. The NanoArt is an international contest among scientific pictures representing scenic views of the nanoworld. The pictures are usually obtained with high-resolution instruments like a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an atomic-force microscope (AFM). The exhibited artwork shows a box-shaped graphene nanostructure (in the center) superimposed on the picture of real organ pipes (on the left and on the right). Width of the large facet of the box-shaped nanostructure makes approximately 30 nm, small – 19 nm. Depth of the cavity is 8 nm. Thickness of the wall/facet is about 1 nm. The box-shaped graphene nanostructure was obtained with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) Solver™ P4 (NT-MDT Co., Russian Federation). Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• November 2012 – The report “Advanced designs and technological approaches for integral matrix sensors of thermal radiation with optical signal modulation comprising microoptomechanical system (MOMS)” prepared by a group of scientists Prof. V. A. Bespalov, Assoc. Prof. D. B. Rygalin, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Dr. V. I. Zolotarev, I. A. Reshetnikov, G. A. Rudakov, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and E. P. Kirilenko all from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russian Federation) has been presented at the 3rd International Scientific and Technical Conference “Technologies of Micro and Nanoelectronics in Micro and Nanosystem Devices”. The conference is organized by the Technological Centre, a branch of MIET. The reported materials demonstrate the latest achievements of the research group in the field of uncooled micromechanical bimorph IR-sensors, in particular, optically read out focal plane arrays (FPA)
  
  
• October 2012 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has decided to issue a patent “Device and method to produce nanoparticles” to the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin. Rostislav V. Lapshin and Pavel V. Azanov are authors of the invention. The invention is intended for plasma deposition of magnetic nanoparticles with preset sizes, surface distribution and shape on a smooth substrate. Further reading
  
  
• July 2012 – The SPM-scan “Corals” obtained by Dr. R. V. Lapshin and postgraduate P. V. Azanov has been exhibited at the contest “ProImage 2012” (the original SPM-scans can be viewed here). Carbon dendritic patterns are shown in the picture (AFM Smena™ HV, cantilever NSG10, scan size 28×24 μm², vertical scale 400 nm). The carbon dendritic patterns were synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method on Si-wafer as a substrate. Nickel nanoparticles were used as a catalyst. The catalytic nickel nanoparticles were prepared in glow-discharge plasma by repetition of magnetization-deposition cycles (patent pending). The SPM-scan contest is organized by the NT-MDT Co., the developer and supplier of integrated solutions for nanotechnology
  
  
• June 2012 – The feature-oriented scanning (FOS) approach invented by Dr. R. V. Lapshin was successfully applied to computer processing of IR-images readback optically from an focal plane array (FPA) based on uncooled micromechanical bimaterial IR-detectors. The work was done at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET) under project leadership of Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov and Dr. R. Z. Khafizov. Being originally developed for high-resolution, high-precision scanning probe microscopy (SPM), the FOS-method have proved to be useful for solving many other problems in different areas of science & engineering. Learn more about FOS
  
  
• May 2012 – The report “Thermomechanical sensitivity of bimaterial IR-sensors based on microoptomechanical systems” prepared by a group of scientists Dr. R. Z. Khafizov, Assoc. Prof. E. A. Fetisov, Dr. R. V. Lapshin, E. P. Kirilenko, V. N. Anastasyevskaya, and I. V. Kolpakov all from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology has been presented at the XXII International Conference on Photoelectronics and Night Vision Devices. The conference is held at the RD&P Center “Orion”, Moscow, Russian Federation. The report demonstrates the latest achievements of the research group in the field of uncooled micromechanical bimaterial infrared detectors
  
  
• April 2012 – “For successive inventive activity and participation in patent and licensing work”, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russian Federation (CCI) has awarded a prestigious diploma to inventor R. V. Lapshin. The diploma from Russian business community marks a personal contribution of the inventor to the fields of scanning probe microscopy and nanotechnology. The rewarding took place at the grand joint session of the Rospatent and the Federal Institute of Industrial Property (FIPS) dedicate to the World Intellectual Property Day. Further readings
  
  
• April 2012 – “For an important contribution to legal protection of subjects of intellectual property”, the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has awarded a prestigious diploma to inventor R. V. Lapshin. The diploma marks a personal contribution of the inventor to the fields of scanning probe microscopy and nanotechnology. The rewarding took place at the grand joint session of the Rospatent and the Federal Institute of Industrial Property (FIPS) dedicate to the World Intellectual Property Day. Further readings
  
  
• April 2012 – The artwork “Organ pipes” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin took part in the scientific photo competition of the International Festival “Art of Science 2012”, section “Microworld”. The artwork is demonstrated in exposition at the Association “Photo Center”. The festival is organized by Park-media and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The project pursues the aims of science popularization in Russian Federation and all over the world. Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• March 2012 – Professor Anatoliy P. Alekhin, a head of General Chemistry department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and a former director of the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin has died a sudden death. Some photos in remembrance of Professor A. P. Alekhin
  
  
• March 2012 – As an active publishing author, Dr. R. V. Lapshin took part in the Scholarly Research Survey. The Survey is intended to help improve the services provided to the scientific and medical communities. The aim of the research is to understand which online services are currently recommended by scientists, and why. This study has been conducted on behalf of Elsevier, the leading provider of scientific, technical and medical information products and services.
  
  
• February 2012 – “Receipt of nanodonuts”, News, section Russian Science and Technology: Workshop on cooking – How the required nickel nanoparticles can be prepared, Rostislav Lapshin explains … Further reading
  

2011

• December 2011 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has published the claims of the patent application “Walking robot-nanopositioner and method of controlling movement thereof”, inventor R. V. Lapshin
  
  
• December 2011 – The Wikipedia entries “Feature-oriented scanning”, “Feature-oriented positioning”, “Counter-scanned images”, and “Counter-scanning” both in English and Russian were updated by Dr. R. V. Lapshin
  
  
• November 2011 – The following entries in English “Feature-oriented scanning”, “Feature-oriented positioning”, “Counter-scanned images”, and “Counter-scanning” were prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin for the new Dictionary of Nanotechnological Terms. The Dictionary is established by the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies, it should become a valuable terminology source for the fast-growing field of nanotechnology. Simple and clear language, high quality illustrations, comprehensive coverage of phenomena are characteristics of the new Dictionary. The audience includes: students, post-graduates, engineers, scientists, businessmen, and government officials
  
  
• September 2011 – The SPM-scan “Nanodonuts” obtained by Dr. R. V. Lapshin and postgraduate P. V. Azanov has been selected for the contest “ProImage 2011” (the original SPM-scans can be viewed here). The carbon nanotori (nanodonuts) were synthesized with the active participation of group of researchers from the Institute of Physical Problems: Prof. E. A. Ilyichev, Dr. G. N. Petruhin, and postgraduate L. L. Kupchenko. The SPM-scan contest is organized by the NT-MDT Co., the developer and supplier of integrated solutions for nanotechnology
  
  
• September 2011 – Application for patent “Device and method for preparing nanoparticles”, inventors R. V. Lapshin and P. V. Azanov both from the Institute of Physical Problems has been submitted to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent)
  
  
• June 2011 – The American Nano Society (ANS) has granted a Full Membership to Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The ANS is the world's largest society for people working in the realms of nanotechnology: 7,000 members from 105 countries
  
  
• June 2011 – The report “Distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range” prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been presented at the XVII Russian Symposium on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Analytical Methods of Investigation of Solids (SEM-2011) held in Chernogolovka, Russian Federation. The report demonstrates experimental data on distributed calibration of a scanning probe microscope (SPM) piezoscanner. A precisely known distance between two neighboring atoms on surface of a crystal solid body is used as a calibration standard. The method suggested allows high precision distance measurements at room temperature despite of existence of some inevitable thermal drift of a microscope probe relative to the standard surface. The effect of drift insensitivity has been achieved owing to application of feature-oriented scanning-positioning methods developed earlier by the author. Automatically collected distributed calibration database (CDB) contains all information that is necessary for complete characterization of the microscope piezoscanner. The method may be used with any scanning probe instrument. Further reading
  
  
• May 2011 – As an expert in the field, Dr. R. V. Lapshin gave estimates of development of solid-state physics and materials science used in radio electronics and telecommunication systems. The estimates are intended for building a forecast of development in this area of science and technology. The forecast is prepared by the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University. The investigation was conducted by request of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
  
  
• May 2011 – The artwork “Nanodonuts” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin has been demonstrated at the scientific photo competition “Art of Science 2011”, section “Microworld”. This all-Russian nonprofit project is arranged by publisher the Park-media and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The project pursues the aims of science popularization in Russian Federation. Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• April 2011 – Each year the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) makes a list of 100 best Russian inventions (order no. 49). This year, 5 inventions made by Dr. R. V. Lapshin were awarded the prestigious diplomas “100 Best Russian Inventions” from the Rospatent. To be included in the top list of the 100 best Russian inventions, an invention should comply with the following criteria: high technical level in comparison with world analogs, originality of technical solution, importance, readiness to use, high profitability and some more. The main aims of this invention selection – detection, stimulation and encouragement of perspective national R&D for their commercial introduction and advancement in a market place. Further reading
  
  
• March 2011 – The report “Preparation of catalytic nickel nanoparticles of controlled sizes in glow-discharge plasma by repetition of magnetization-deposition cycles” written by R. V. Lapshin, P. V. Azanov, and E. P. Kirilenko has been presented at the XV International Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics” held in Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. The report devoted to a practical method intended for deposition of catalytic Ni-nanoparticles (CNP) of required sizes. The suggested method consists in repetitive cycles of magnetization-deposition. First, Ni-nanoparticles are deposited during a short-time on a polished silicon wafer by using glow-discharge Ar-plasma. Then, the obtained nanoparticles are magnetized in the magnetic field of a strong permanent magnet during several hours. After that, a new short-time deposition of Ni-nanoparticles is conducted. Further, the described cycle magnetization-deposition is repeated as many times as required for preparation of nanoparticles of preset sizes. The catalytic Ni-nanoparticles were fabricated for a low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanostructures, in particular, carbon nanotubes (CNT) by the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) method. Further reading
  
  
• March 2011 – The information about the following inventions “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift” and “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” made by R. V. Lapshin was published in the Journal of Industrial Property, section Perspective Russian Developments. The information includes: fields of use, brief description, main points, and positive effects. The materials were prepared by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent). Heretofore, these patents were recognized by the Rospatent as perspective and were included in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions. The Journal of Industrial Property is issued by the Publishing House “Intellectual Property”
  
  
• March 2011 – eLIBRARY.RU, the Russian Scientific Electronic Library has started data accumulation in order to form a list of citations of scholar works of Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The Russian Index of Scientific Citation (in Russian) for Dr. Lapshin scholar publications has been also calculated. Today, the eLIBRARY.RU is the largest national internet portal providing access to more than 13,000,000 scientific papers published in Russian Federation and all around the world
  
  
• February 2011 – The information about the following inventions “Method for reading digital information in probe memory device”, “Method for measuring surface relief by means of scanning probe type microscope”, and “Procedure of movement of sonde of scanning microscope-nanolithograph in field of coarse X-Y positioner” made by R. V. Lapshin was published in the Journal of Industrial Property, section Perspective Russian Developments. The information includes: fields of use, brief description, main points, and positive effects. The materials were prepared by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent). Heretofore, these patents were recognized by the Rospatent as perspective and were included in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions. The Journal of Industrial Property is issued by the Publishing House “Intellectual Property”
  
  
• January 2011 – Due to growing interest from Russian speaking SPM community in the feature-oriented scanning methodology, the Russian translation of the paper “Feature-oriented scanning methodology for probe microscopy and nanotechnology” (R. V. Lapshin, Nanotechnology, vol. 15, iss. 9, pp. 1135-1151, 2004) was prepared and opened to public in section Publications
  

2010

• December 2010 – “Nanocoatings help materials to become part of a living organism”, News, Russian Electronic Nanojournal: Russian researchers have developed via nanotechnologies new methods for getting biocompatible surfaces for medical implants. Polymers for vascular transplantology are covered by carbon clusters to achieve preferential adsorption of blood proteins without the risk of thrombosis, and titanic implants for prosthetic dentistry are processed to increase their compatibility with bone tissue. Contemporary medicine needs biocompatible materials to produce various types of implants. High claims are laid to their quality, therefore, specialists are constantly looking for methods to increase biocompatibility. … Full story. Further reading
  
  
• December 2010 – The article “Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods” summarizing results obtained during last years by a group of scientists A. P. Alekhin, G. M. Boleiko, S. A. Gudkova, A. M. Markeev, A. A. Sigarev, V. F. Toknova, A. G. Kirilenko, R. V. Lapshin, E. N. Kozlov, and D. V. Tetyukhin from Zelenograd Institute of Physical Problems and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in the field of biocompatible surfaces was published in journal of Russian Nanotechnologies. Among the materials which biocompatibility was improved, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyurethane (PU) should be mentioned. To improve biocompatibility, a nanometer thick carbon coating was deposited on the polymers by using arc pulse-plasma sputtering of a graphite target. On the base of this technology, prostheses of blood vessels having improved biomedical characteristics were made. Furthermore, a technology for nanostructuring of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface in oxygen RF-plasma and a technology for smoothing PMMA surface by means of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) or synchrotron radiation (SR) were developed. Also, the published article includes results of multistage treatment of titanium surface of dental implants. The suggested technology consists of three stages: rough sandblasting, chemical etching, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of nanometer thick coating of titanium dioxide. Further reading
  
  
• November 2010 – The English translation of the paper “Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods” written by A. P. Alekhin, G. M. Boleiko, S. A. Gudkova, A. M. Markeev, A. A. Sigarev, V. F. Toknova, A. G. Kirilenko, R. V. Lapshin, E. N. Kozlov, and D. V. Tetyukhin has been published in the journal of Nanotechnologies in Russia, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
  
  
• October 2010 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has recognized as perspective the following patents by R. V. Lapshin “Procedure of movement of sonde of scanning microscope-nanolithograph in field of coarse X-Y positioner”, “Method for measuring surface relief by means of scanning probe type microscope”, and “Method for reading digital information in probe memory device”. Inventions are considered as perspective if they meet criteria of high technical level in comparison with world analogs, originality of technical solution, comprehensive technical analysis, and readiness for application in industry. The patents are inserted in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions (in Russian)
  
  
• September 2010 – The encyclopedia entry “Counter-scanned images” is prepared and inserted in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. The same entry in Russian is also available
  
  
• September 2010 – “Nanocoatings help materials to become part of a living organism”, News, section Russian Science and Technology: Contemporary medicine needs biocompatible materials to produce various types of implants. High claims are laid to their quality, therefore, specialists are constantly looking for methods to increase biocompatibility. Some of such methods were developed by Dr. Anatoly P. Alekhin and his colleagues G. M. Boleiko, S. A. Gudkova, A. M. Markeev, A. A. Sigarev, V. F. Toknova (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), A. G. Kirilenko, R. V. Lapshin (Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin), E. N. Kozlov, D. V. Tetyukhin (“Konmet” Company). … Full story in Russian. Further reading
  
  
• August 2010 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has recognized as perspective the following patents by R. V. Lapshin “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift” and “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner”. Inventions are considered as perspective if they meet criteria of high technical level in comparison with world analogs, originality of technical solution, comprehensive technical analysis, and readiness for application in industry. The patents are inserted in the full-text special database Perspective Inventions (in Russian)
  
  
• June 2010 – The book chapter “Feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy” (FOSPM) written by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been published in the 25 volume set Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (edited by H. S. Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers). This book chapter is a short review of the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) methodology that is applicable for high-precision, high-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and bottom-up nanofabrication. The FOS methodology can be employed in any instrument of SPM family: a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), an atomic-force microscope (AFM), a magnetic-force microscope (MFM), etc. It can also be used in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or even it can simultaneously control a SEM and an SPM integrated in this SEM. The SPM under FOS control becomes essentially insensitive to temperature variations. The FOSPM is able to effectively organize a multiprobe bottom-up nanomanufacturing where nanoparticles, single molecules, or even separate atoms are used as construction blocks. The FOSPM allows a self-adjusting, self-calibrating, and self-testing; it transforms an SPM into the unmanned instrument that is able to operate according to the principle “run and forget”
  
  
• June 2010 – As an expert in the field of microscopy, Dr. R. V. Lapshin was engaged in a study concerning to use of microscopy techniques in research work. The aim of the study is to help microscopy manufacturers improve their instruments and services according to the real demands of research community. The study is conducted by the Science Advisory Board, a group of scientists, physicians, and biomedical professionals who are expressing their opinions about the tools and technologies transforming science and medicine
  
  
• May 2010 – Dr. R. V. Lapshin was invited to participate as an expert respondent in the sociolinguistical study “English language in Russian academic community”. The study is conducted by Elena P. Lawrick, a researcher from the College of Liberal Arts, Department of English, Purdue University (West Lafayette, Indiana, USA). The aim of the study is to better understand a value of English language knowledge for professional advancement of a Russian scientist. The study is intended for precise description of language competence in Russian science
  
  
• May 2010 – Application for patent “Walking robot-nanopositioner and method of controlling movement thereof”, inventor R. V. Lapshin has been submitted to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent)
  
  
• April 2010 – The artwork “Nanogyri of polyurethane brain” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin has been presented to public at the scientific photo contest “Art of Science 2010”, section “Microworld”. This all-Russian nonprofit project is arranged by publisher the Russian Science and Technology and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, by the Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, and by the Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. The project is intended for popularization of science and scientific research in Russian Federation. The contest artworks will be exhibited at the Polytechnical museum, Moscow. Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• March 2010 – The report “Formation of catalytic Ni-nanoparticles in glow-discharge Ar-plasma for low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanostructures” prepared by R. V. Lapshin, P. V. Azanov, E. A. Ilyichev, G. N. Petruhin, and L. L. Kupchenko has been presented at the XIV International Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics” held in Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. A simple method based on glow-discharge Ar-plasma was suggested for deposition of catalytic Ni-nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are intended for synthesis of various carbon nanostructures including carbon nanotubes (CNT) by the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique. The method developed allows for direct formation of the required catalytic nanoparticles (CNP) on the polished surface of a silicon wafer. Application of the obtained catalytic nanoparticles has permitted to substantially reduce temperature of the sample in the PECVD reactor from 750°C to 150°C that opens a perspective for using cheap substrates such as glass or polymers for cold emission consumer nanoelectronics. The synthesized donut-like carbon nanostructure imaged with an atomic-force microscope (AFM) is shown in the figure as an example of catalytic abilities of the deposited nanoparticles
  
  
• March 2010 – “Russian scientists demonstrated precision modification of nanotopography of polymer surface with ultraviolet radiation”, News, Federal internet-portal “Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials”: Today, the polymer called poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), also commonly known as organic glass or Plexiglass, is widely applied in various fields of science and engineering. In particular, poly(methyl methacrylate) is actively used in nanoelectronics as electron, UV or X-ray sensitive resist; it is often applied in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems as structural material. Poly(methyl methacrylate) has proved itself to be good in transplantology as nontoxic biocompatible material suitable for fabrication of a number of human artificial organs – intraocular lens, contact lenses, dentures, bone cement and others. … Full story (the same story in Russian). Further reading
  
  
• March 2010 – The English translation of the paper “Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) surface” written by R. V. Lapshin, A. P. Alekhin, A. G. Kirilenko, S. L. Odintsov, and V. A. Krotkov has been published in the Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
  
  
• February 2010 – By request of the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies, several dictionary entries in Russian “Feature-oriented scanning”, “Feature-oriented positioning”, “Counter-scanned images”, “Counter-scanning” were prepared by Dr. R. V. Lapshin for the new Dictionary of Nanotechnological Terms. This dictionary is aimed to become a valuable terminology source for the fast-developing field of nanotechnology. The dictionary is written in simple and clear language, it is intended for a wide variety of readers – students, post-graduates, engineers, scientists, businessmen, and government officials
  
  
• January 2010 – “Plexiglass film became smoother”, News, section Russian Science and Technology: In the Institute of Physical Problems named after F. V. Lukin, the State Scientific Center of Russian Federation, Zelenograd, a method was developed and successfully tested which is capable to smooth asperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) surface in nanometer or subnanometer scales by means of 124 nm wavelength vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). … Full story in Russian (the same story in English). Further reading
  
  
• January 2010 – The investigation “Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) surface” conducted by Dr. R. V. Lapshin with co-workers has been published in the Journal of Surface. Roentgen, Synchrotron and Neutron Studies. The paper successfully demonstrates a possibility for controllable nanometer scale smoothing of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface by means of ultraviolet radiation (λ≈124 nm) in low vacuum environment (2-100 Pa). Moreover, the effect of PMMA surface nanostructuring in oxygen RF-plasma was clearly demonstrated in this research. The obtained results can be applied in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to reduce friction between moving PMMA-parts, in medicine to improve biocompatibility of PMMA-implants, in electron-beam, UV, and X-ray nanolithographies to treat PMMA-resists, in microfluidic PMMA-devices to adjust flow characteristics of their micro- or nanochannels, etc.
  

2009

• October 2009 – “Autonomous operation of scanning probe microscope for space research”, News, Nanotechweb.org – a community website from IOP Publishing. A scanning probe microscope (SPM) mounted on board a spacecraft allows for the study of various surfaces at micrometer to nanometer scales. The SPM application in extraterrestrial research is rather promising in that it is a lightweight, compact, and reliable device that supports multiple measurement modes and has low power consumption and high spatial resolution. Thus, the SPM can be used for the study of regolith samples, rocks, minerals, space debris, and micrometeoroids, and can aid in the search for traces of extraterrestrial forms of life. It will also support investigations of the properties of materials, crystal growth, and biomolecular reactions, and help to implement nanotechnological operations in microgravity conditions. To reach these and other goals, the method of feature-oriented scanning (FOS) was suggested in the Solid Nanotechnology Laboratory of the Institute of Physical Problems … Full story. Further reading
  
  
• October 2009 – To meet a steady demand from Russian speaking audience for a simple model approximating hysteresis loops, the Russian translation of the paper “Analytical model for the approximation of hysteresis loop and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope” (R. V. Lapshin, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 4718-4730, 1995) was prepared and opened to public in section Publications
  
  
• October 2009 – “SPM in space”, Nano Digest, Journal of Russian Nanotechnologies: To obtain the adequate image of surface topography, Russian scientist Rostislav Lapshin from the Institute of Physical Problems (Zelenograd, Moscow) suggested a new approach called feature-oriented scanning (FOS). Applying a real-time surface recognition, counter movements, and some other techniques, repeated scanning of small neighborhoods of surface features located in the vicinity of each other are carried out. After that, the searched for topography image, free of noises and distortions, is assembled from the acquired fragments. In the method suggested, topography features of a surface are used as the reference points.
  FOS method provides the measurement precision of lattice constants and crystallographic directions increased by orders in comparison with the conventional scanning. The method provides accurately localized tunneling and atomic-force spectroscopy measurements with high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, according to the author of the method, the feature-oriented scanning makes it possible to perform “delicate” manipulations with separate nanoparticles, molecules or even atoms at room temperature.
  The analysis carried out at the Solid Nanotechnology Laboratory, where the scientist works, showed that the method of feature-oriented scanning that had proved successful in Earth conditions may also help solve a number of problems of using a scanning probe microscope in space – at a near-Earth station or for planet research. The point is that beside much higher measurement precision and spatial resolution, FOS permits to notably decrease the SPM sensitivity to temperature variations. Furthermore, the SPM under feature-oriented scanning control becomes a free-running instrument able of self-testing, self-adjusting and self-calibration. This story in Russian. Further reading
  
  
• September 2009 – The Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge at the Higher School of Economics asked Dr. R. V. Lapshin, as an expert in the field, to participate in the survey related to the future development trends of Russian nanotechnologies. The survey was conducted by request of the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies. The survey is aimed to better formulate the innovation strategy of the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologie and to smake corresponding recommendations for government organs and business community
  
  
• September 2009 – “How to Operate a Scanning Probe Microscope on Board a Space Laboratory or Planet Exploration Rover? – Scientists Suggested an Approach for Remote Control of a Scanning Probe Microscope in Space”, News, European Nanotechnology Gateway: When using a scanning probe microscope (SPM), for instance on board of a near-Earth station or a planet exploration rover, a number of control-related tasks should be solved. A method is required to exclude the operator from the measurement process that would make the microscope operation completely autonomous. To reach this goal, the method of feature-oriented scanning (FOS) was suggested in the Solid Nanotechnology Laboratory of the Institute of Physical Problems … Full story. Further reading
  
  
• September 2009 – The patent “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” by inventor Rostislav V. Lapshin was included in the book “Patenting analysis of nanotechnologies in Russian Federation” as an example of invention patenting in Russian Federation in the field of nanotechnologies
  
  
• July 2009 – By request of the Institute for Comparative Social Research, Dr. R. V. Lapshin answered questions, provided his opinion, and suggested possible solutions in the framework of discussion on possible ways for improving management and organization of scientific research in Russia. The goal of this sociological study is to determine a place and a role of promising 30-45 years old scientists in the present-day Russian science, outline problems they are confronted with, and decide what measures should be undertaken to stimulate their investigations. The study was ordered by the Public Chamber of Russian Federation
  
  
• June 2009 – The article “Availability of feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy for remote-controlled measurements on board a space laboratory or planet exploration rover” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in journal of Astrobiology (publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.). The article shows how the feature-oriented scanning (FOS) method may help to effectively organize scanning probe microscope (SPM) measurements in space, e. g., on board a near-Earth station or a planet exploration rover. Application of the FOS approach makes an SPM to be an intrinsically less sensitive to temperature variations that is a very important property in space research. Moreover, the SPM under FOS control becomes a self-testing, self-adjusting, and self-calibrating instrument able to operate according to the principle “run and forget”
  
  
• May 2009 – The Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies issued the Expert Certificate to Dr. R. V. Lapshin. The Certificate attests that Dr. R. V. Lapshin meets the qualifying requirements to the experts attracted by the Corporation for conducting scientific, technical, industrial, and technological expertise in nanotechnology and related areas
  
  
• March 2009 – The artwork “Stonework of ancient Inca” (see original version) created by R. V. Lapshin has been presented to public at the scientific photo competition “Science, this is beautiful!”, section “The world that is hidden from us”. The main goals of the competition consist in forming an artistic view on science and technology, stimulating creative thinking, reflecting individual character of the researcher, and popularizating science among youth. The artwork will be exhibited at the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Moscow, at the State Duma of Russian Federation (Russian parliament), Moscow, and at the A. S. Popov Central Museum of Communications, St. Petersburg. The photo competition and the exhibitions are organized by the electronic edition Russian Science and Technology under auspices of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Federal Agency for Science and Innovation. Free desktop wallpaper
  
  
• March 2009 – The report entitled “Smoothing of nanoasperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) film by vacuum ultraviolet” has been presented by Dr. R. V. Lapshin et al. at the XIII International Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics” held in Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. The report clearly demonstrates nanometer scale smoothing of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface under ultraviolet radiation in low vacuum environment. The other important phenomenon – PMMA nanostructuring in oxygen RF-plasma was also discussed. The obtained results can be applied in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to reduce friction between moving PMMA-elements, in medicine to improve biocompatibility of PMMA-implants, in electron-beam, UV, and X-ray nanolithographies to treat PMMA-resists, in microfluidic devices to facilitate flow through PMMA-microchannels, etc.
  

2008

• November 2008 – “What is matter?” The school textbook titled “Science & Technology Perspectives 7” published by the Nelson Education Ltd. explains this by using a simple thing – aluminum foil being examined at different scales. The smallest scale represents what the Russian scientists Dr. R. V. Lapshin, the Institute of Physical Problems and Dr. S. A. Gavrilov, the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology observed with a scanning probe microscope. The book will be available to Grade 7 students throughout the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba
  
  
• October 2008 – The Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies included Dr. R. V. Lapshin in its panel of scholars. The formed panel consists of acknowledged experts who will consider, evaluate, and approve Russia's R&D efforts in field of nanotechnology
  

2007

• December 2007 – The English translation of the paper “Method for automatic correction of drift-distorted SPM images” written by Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
  
  
• December 2007 – “As one of the most important contributors to his profession”, Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been selected for inclusion in Who's Who in Science and Engineering®, 10th Anniversary Edition, 2008-2009 – an honor that is achieved by only a select few. This biographical directory is issued by Marquis Who's Who®, New Providence, USA, the leading biographical reference publisher
  
  
• November 2007 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has decided to issue a patent “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift” to R. V. Lapshin, the author of invention
  
  
• November 2007 – The material “Method for automatic correction of drift-distorted SPM-images” reported by R. V. Lapshin at the Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics”, Nizhni Novgorod, 2005 has been published in the Journal of Surface. This paper presents preliminary results on application of counter-scanned images for drift correction in scanning probe microscopy. Full description of the method may be found in paper “Automatic drift elimination in probe microscope images based on techniques of counter-scanning and topography feature recognition”
  
  
• April 2007 – “As a noted and eminent professional in science”, Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been selected for inclusion in the Leading Scientists of the World, 2007 – a renowned international biographical reference book administrated by the International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK
  
  
• March 2007 – The article “Automatic drift elimination in probe microscope images based on techniques of counter-scanning and topography feature recognition” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in journal of Measurement Science and Technology. The article suggests a simple but effective method intended for correction of drift-distorted SPM scans. The obtained results should be interesting for those who operate or develop scanning probe instruments such as STM, AFM, SPM, MFM, SNOM or SEM. It is important that the method may be easily embedded in feature-oriented scanning permitting to notably improve its precision and performance
  
  
• March 2007 – “As a noted and eminent professional in engineering”, Dr. R. V. Lapshin has been selected for inclusion in the Leading Engineers of the World, 2007 – a renowned international biographical reference book administrated by the International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK
  
  
• February 2007 – The encyclopedia entries in English “Feature-oriented scanning”, “Feature-oriented positioning”, and “Counter-scanning” are prepared and inserted in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
  
  
• February 2007 – “Drift-free Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Measurements at Room Temperature”, Research News, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI): When measuring topography and surface properties with probe instruments in nanometer scale at room temperature, drift of the probe relative to the sample surface is an important issue of the measurements precision. A simple but effective method based on counter-scanning was suggested in the Solid Nanotechnology Laboratory, the Institute of Physical Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation to correct this drift influence. The results are relevant for those operating or developing scanning probe instruments. Further reading
  
  
• January 2007 – The encyclopedia entries in Russian “Feature-oriented scanning”, “Feature-oriented positioning”, and “Counter-scanning” are prepared and inserted in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
  

2006

• November 2006 – The article “Hydrophobic-hydrophilic nanostructure synthesis on polymer surfaces in low-temperature carbon plasma” written by A. P. Alekhin, A. G. Kirilenko, A. I. Kozlitin, R. V. Lapshin, and S. N. Mazurenko has been published in the Journal of Surface. The article describes a new technology permitting a low-temperature polymer modification in carbon plasma. This work is aimed to fabricate a biocompatible coating of alternating hydrophobic-hydrophilic nanostructures
  
  
• November 2006 – The article “Automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Journal of Surface. This article is dedicated to a method eliminating all systematic measurement errors of the scanner such as static nonlinearities, nonorthogonality, and parasitic crosstalk couplings at once. The proposed method is based on the feature-oriented scanning-positioning approach
  
  
• September 2006 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has decided to issue a patent “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” to R. V. Lapshin, the author of invention
  
  
• September 2006 – “As one of the most accomplished people in his professional field”, Dr. R. V. Lapshin was included in Who's Who in Science and Engineering®, 9th Edition, 2006-2007 – an exclusive international directory of biographical data published by the Marquis Who's Who LLC, New Providence, USA
  
  
• July 2006 – Application for patent “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift”, inventor R. V. Lapshin has been resubmitted to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) after reformulation and error correction
  
  
• April 2006 – Interview “60 seconds with …” conducted by Laura Shaw, the Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK with Dr. R. V. Lapshin, author of the paper “Feature-oriented scanning methodology for probe microscopy and nanotechnology” which has been deemed by peer review to be of top quality
  
  
• January 2006 – The Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent) has awarded a patent “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift” to the Institute of Physical Problems, inventor R. V. Lapshin
  
  
• January 2006 – A group of Japanese scientists M. Aketagawa, K. Takada, P. Rerkkumsup, Y. Togawa, and H. Honda reported precisely controllable STM tip movement by carbon atoms on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface along a crystalline axis (Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 17, pp. 513-518). Much better experimental results were obtained by Dr. R. V. Lapshin 8 years ago! Lapshin was probably the first who successfully demonstrated a practical feasibility of the atom-by-atom tracking on a regular crystal surface along the preset crystallographic direction (see figure). By unknown reasons the important and interesting work of the Japanese researchers does not mentioned any of Lapshin's results published elsewhere in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, and in 2004. The other relevant reference to the paper of Dr. B. S. Swartzentruber (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 76, pp. 459-462) published in 1996 was also omitted in their report
  

2005

• June 2005 – The paper “Feature-oriented scanning methodology for probe microscopy and nanotechnology” written by Dr. R. V. Lapshin is announced by the Institute of Physics Publishing among the top 20 most popular papers published in Nanotechnology journal during 2004
  
  
• April 2005 – The Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) has granted money to Dr. R. V. Lapshin and Dr. B. K. Medvedev both from the Institute of Physical Problems to carry out advanced research on a petabit capacity probe storage device
  
  
• April 2005 – A group of scientists consisting of Dr. A. P. Alekhin (the leader), Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and Mr. A. G. Kirilenko all from the Institute of Physical Problems have won three-year grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) to synthesize carbon biocompatible nanostructures and investigate their properties in mesoscopic scale
  
  
• April 2005 – Dernier cry: a Snowflake-like Navigation Structure and … the contemporary trends in fabric patterns. Read more to stay in the mainstream
  
  
• March 2005 – The report entitled “Automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner” have been presented by Dr. R. V. Lapshin at the Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics” held in Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. In the report, a novel distributed approach intended for calibration of a probe microscope scanner in nanometer scale was suggested. The proposed calibration procedure is drift-insensitive, moreover it uses natural measures instead of traditional length standards such as holographic diffraction gratings. This work is a further improvement of the feature-oriented scanning methodology developing by the author
  
  
• March 2005 – The report entitled “Method for automatic correction of drift-distorted SPM-images” have been presented by Dr. R. V. Lapshin at the Symposium “Nanophysics and Nanoelectronics” held in Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. In the report, a method of counter-scanned images is suggested. The method allows effectively correct images distorted by thermal drift and creep of a scanning probe microscope (SPM). Linear and nonlinear approaches were proposed. This work represents recent advances in SPM measurements, in particular, in feature-oriented scanning
  
  
• January 2005 – Application for patent “Method of automatic distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner”, inventor R. V. Lapshin has been submitted to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent)
  

2004

• December 2004 – The Christmas Card from the Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK this year is decorated with the flashing Snowflake-like Navigation Structure skillfully processed by designer Frédérique Swist. Click here to learn more about the real Snowflake-like Navigation Structure. Merry Christmas!
  
  
• December 2004 – Application for patent “Method of correction of surface images obtained using scanning probe microscope and distorted with drift”, inventor R. V. Lapshin has been submitted to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent)
  
  
• September 2004 – The article “Feature-oriented scanning methodology for probe microscopy and nanotechnology” written by R. V. Lapshin has been published in Nanotechnology journal. The article describes a new approach significantly improving precision and resolution of SPM measurements and paves the way for practical implementation of complex unmanned nanofabrication processes
  
  
• April 2004 – The Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) has decided to extend on one more year the investigation of physical-chemical peculiarities of radiation-stimulated modification of surfaces of crystalline and noncrystalline solids aimed to form specific properties of the solids. The study is conducted by Dr. A. P. Alekhin (the leader of the project), Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and Mr. A. G. Kirilenko, a research group from the Institute of Physical Problems
  
  
• February 2004 – The article “Surface morphology of thin carbon films deposited from plasma on polyethylene with low density” written by A. P. Alekhin, A. G. Kirilenko, and R. V. Lapshin has been published in the Journal of Surface. The article reports low-density polyethylene modification in carbon plasma applicable as a biocompatible coating of artificial organs
  
  
• January 2004 – The Moscow Committee on Science and Technologies on behalf of the Moscow City Government has prolonged on one more year the grant “Development of low-temperature synchrotron radiation stimulated processes forming surface structures applicable to medicine”. A team of scientists from the Institute of Physical Problems, Dr. A. P. Alekhin (the leader), Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and Mr. A. G. Kirilenko will continue their investigation of this task
  

2003

• September 2003 – The article “Nanostructured carbon coatings on polyethylene films” written by A. P. Alekhin, A. G. Kirilenko, R. V. Lapshin, R. I. Romanov, and A. A. Sigarev has been published in the Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. The article devoted to investigations of carbon films on low-density polyethylene by scanning electron microscopy, scanning atomic-force microscopy, IR, Raman, visible and UV spectroscopies
  
  
• May 2003 – The report “AFM investigation of highly ordered nanorelief formation by anodic treatment of aluminum surface” prepared by S. A. Gavrilov, V. M. Roschin, A. V. Zheleznyakova, S. V. Lemeshko, B. N. Medvedev, R. V. Lapshin, E. A. Poltoratsky, G. S. Rychkov, N. N. Dzbanovsky, and N. N. Suetin have been presented at the International Conference “Nanomeeting-2003” held in Minsk, Belarus. This report dedicated to formation of highly ordered nanopores in aluminum substrate
  
  
• January 2003 – The Moscow City Government through its representative the Moscow Committee on Science and Technologies has approved grant “Development of low-temperature synchrotron radiation stimulated processes forming surface structures applicable to medicine” aimed on city development. A team of researchers from the Institute of Physical Problems, Dr. A. P. Alekhin (the head of the project), Dr. R. V. Lapshin, and Mr. A. G. Kirilenko will investigate the formulated problems